In This Issue:
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Steve Lopez: “WhyPads?/GoodbiPads?” - NEW PROBLEMS SURFACE IN L.A. UNIFIED’S BRAND NAME HANDHELD TABLET COMPUTER PROGRAM |
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IPADS BRING MORE UNRESOLVED ISSUES |
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LA UNIFIED BUDGET WARS RETURN WITH THE USUAL COMPETING VISIONS |
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FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS, SEGREGATION THE, SEGREGATION SINCE: Education and the Unfinished March |
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HIGHLIGHTS, LOWLIGHTS & THE NEWS THAT DOESN'T FIT: The Rest (but
not necessarily the best) of the Stories from Other Sources |
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EVENTS: Coming up next week... |
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What can YOU do? |
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Featured Links:
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In the Rialto school district there is a scandal
unfolding over the superintendent allegedly having had an inappropriate relationship with the
District accountant who was allegedly ‘stuffed her bra’ with the lunch
money. Stories like that make you miss Andy and Aunt Bea and Opie
….living just 55 miles East on the I-10.
In LAUSD we misspend the meal money on the wrong things – like kids buying candy instead of lunch.| http://bit.ly/1dQpqWT
A GOOGLE NEWS SEARCH Saturday afternoon produced 178 stories on the LAUSD iPad debacle.
(FYI: Fewer than 100 stories is a ‘kerfuffle’. Over 200 stories is a ‘disaster’.)
Moving into Sunday I do not doubt that the story count and
level-of-mishap will increase. These are national, international and
local stories, from the local Patch to The Huffington Post; London Daily
Mail and Washington Post. The first listed of the 178 labeled the
debacle a “train wreck”.
Before I get all hyperbolic about damage done to public education and
whatever scraps of LAUSD’s reputation remains let me state right off:
All these concerns about students gaining access to questionable content
on Facebook+Twitter – or naughty lyrics on Pandora or even full blown
porn – this is a tempest in a teapot. Misdirection from the actual
skullduggery. The access to questionable content isn’t the issue because
at least the students were using the iPads to do something the iPads
were capable of doing!
Because the content in question isn’t questionable content or
(anti)social media. The content in question is the (lack of)
educational/curricular content.
Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls: the Pearson Common Core System of
Courses is not educational content – it is what is known in software
developer parlance as “Vaporware”.
va•por•ware [vey-per-wair]
noun: Computer Slang. a product, especially software, that is promoted
or marketed while it is still in development and that may never be
produced. | http://bit.ly/15BOKjh
To mix, shake and stir the metaphor: When LAUSD was continually failing
at improving educational outcomes the complaisant apologists could find
solace that other school districts were doing even worse: “Be thankful
we are not Oakland!”
The iPads are Gertrude Steins’ Oakland: “There is no ‘there’ there”
If the road to hell is paved with good intentions, the iPad to hell is loaded with Pearson software.
How we got here is requires a real enquiry from the Board of Education
….or from a Grand Jury. Or a full-hour Sixty Minutes expose. Where’s
Mike Wallace when we need him?
Question One: What did John Deasy know and when did he know it?
Remember Jack Nicholson in ‘A Few Good Men?: “ You can’t handle the truth?”
The voters and taxpayers, parents and students and stakeholders of LAUSD
– The Board of Education and the Bond Oversight Committee – having been
denied it for so long may be strangers to the truth – but I think we
can handle it.
Steve Lopez poses questions, below. “We’ll have to get back to you on that” won’t answer them.
Valerie Straus in the Washington Post asks “Will they be held accountable?”| http://wapo.st/1fRQOWs
She’s not wondering about sixteen-year-olds misbehaving with school
iPads on the internet. She’s wondering about school district officials
and their contract with Apple, Inc. and Pearson LLC and the $1 billion
initiative that they didn’t really think through before implementing.
….or just maybe they thought it through long before they implemented it? …or even put it out to bid?
“We’re respected educators. Apple is the number one brand and the
world's second-largest information technology company. Pearson is the
world’s leading learning company. What could possibly go wrong?”
¡Onward/Adelante! - smf
Steve Lopez: “WhyPads?/GoodbiPads?” - NEW PROBLEMS
SURFACE IN L.A. UNIFIED’S BRAND NAME HANDHELD TABLET COMPUTER PROGRAM
HACKING BY STUDENTS AND MISSING iPADS ARE ONLY PART
OF THE PROBLEM. DID ANYONE ASK IF THE TEACHING SOFTWARE IS ANY GOOD?
By Steve Lopez, L.A. Times Columnist | http://lat.ms/15Cp9kV
September 28, 2013, 12:00 p.m. :: Don't worry, L.A. Unified officials
keep telling us. The $1-billion program to give iPads to more than
600,000 K-12 students is going to work out fine.
Maybe. But so far, nobody at district headquarters gets any gold stars for the rollout.
Last week, students at Roosevelt High were almost instantly able to
breach the wall intended to keep them from using the iPads as toys
rather than tools. They simply deleted the personal profiles on their
tablets and presto! A free pass to YouTube and Facebook.
As my colleague Howard Blume reported, the district initially said 185
students had broken through the wall, but soon the number was adjusted
up to 260. Then an additional 80 students at two other high schools made
monkeys of the L.A. Unified geniuses who approved the setup.
As one Roosevelt student explained, they had to do something. The problem with the iPads, as issued?
"You can't do nothing with them. You just carry them around."
Where do I begin?
Is that a case of lousy students, bad teaching, uninspired software or a
failure to fully appreciate the challenge of convincing students the
tablets are for education rather than recreation?
The Roosevelt story was followed by another Blume report that 71 iPads
were "missing" from an early implementation program last year.
Let's just call them goodbiPads.
And speaking of what happens when the tablets leave campus, Board of
Education member Monica Ratliff called it "extremely disconcerting that
the parent and student responsibility issue has not been hammered out"
when it comes to damaged or lost iPads, which cost almost $700 apiece.
(Keyboards, an apparent afterthought, will cost the district an
additional $38 million).
L.A. Unified Supt. John Deasy has a lot to answer for. But these little
snafus may be distracting everyone from bigger concerns about Deasy's
determination to move faster than any other large district in getting
every student wired.
One question is whether the educational software is any good, or whether
everyone was so focused on the hardware that they forgot to scrutinize
the separately purchased content?
Steve Zimmer, a board member, said he isn't ready to judge the software,
but he agreed that he and other district officials may have had their
eye on the wrong ball in making a huge financial commitment without more
discussion.
There was "a lot of talk about the machine and…very little talk about
software," said Zimmer, who was motivated in part by his conviction that
tablets can serve as an equalizer in a district with so many
disadvantaged students. He said he put faith in Deasy and the
procurement process because "frankly we are not equipped as board
members to micromanage."
I'd have to disagree with him there.
We're talking about a superintendent who's in a race to spend $1
billion, counting bringing Wi-Fi to classrooms. And let's not forget
that Deasy was featured as a pitchman in a commercial for iPads, and
Deputy Supt. Jaime Aquino (who just resigned in a snit over the tech
implementation) once worked for the parent company of Pearson, the firm
hired to provide curriculum for the iPads.
So, yeah, do some micromanaging. Hold people accountable. Ask questions.
As in, what was so compelling about the Pearson proposal that L.A. Unified bought a product sight unseen?
Did the district do a thorough job of evaluating other software options,
and is it too late to change course before committing millions on the
next phase of the rollout?
Shouldn't there have been more public discussion, more teacher training
and more information for parents, given that we're in the midst of a
dramatic shift to digital material and an entirely new set of learning
standards called Common Core?
I know teachers who believe the kinks will be worked out and the tablets
will be an engaging and effective teaching tool. And earlier this year,
I visited a Granada Hills high school where teachers and students in a
pilot program were giving high marks to iPad instruction. (Of course, 69
of those iPads are now missing.)
But I got a closer look at the content on one of the iPads last week,
and for all the hype about students taking a magic carpet ride into the
future on these tablets, I missed the wow factor. One eighth-grade math
lesson included a video of some guy on a treadmill going faster and
faster, with a question about how to graph his movement. But no matter
how you answered, there was no feedback, and no right or wrong answer.
"I wasn't that impressed," said Marina del Rey resident Karen Wolfe,
parent of two L.A. Unified students. "I didn't think it was very
engaging."
"A mediocre teacher with little training, and with a shiny new textbook,
could do better than what I saw," said former teacher and school board
member David Tokofsky.
Scott Folsom, a member of the oversight committee that supported using
bond money for the technology despite reservations, now has concerns
that extend beyond content.
"I remember Deasy said … last week that it was only 20% ready … and yet
the contract called for it to be ready in September," Folsom said of the
software. "We've only got a couple of days to go and it's not going to
be ready. That's what really concerns me."
I'm with him after looking at another eighth-grade math lesson on one of
the district-issued iPads that involves graphing a roller coaster's
movement. Just when it might get interesting from an interactive
standpoint, a message pops up:
"This digital manipulative (interactive) is not playable in this version of the Pearson Common Core System of Courses."
That'll get the kids excited, won't it?
IPADS BRING MORE UNRESOLVED ISSUES
$30 MILLION HAS BEEN EXPENDED IN THIS ROLLOUT OF WHAT SEEMS TO BE AN
INITIATIVE THAT HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED WITHOUT SUFFICIENT THOUGHT AND
PREPARATION.
AALA Update Week of September 30, 2013 | http://bit.ly/19eTx50
26 September 2013 :: On Tuesday, September 24, 2013, Superintendent
John Deasy temporarily reversed his initial directive to have all
students take their recently distributed iPads home until the District
can be 100 percent certain the problem has been resolved and students
are using the devices safely and appropriately. This decision was in
response to students at Westchester and Roosevelt High Schools and
Valley Academy of Arts and Sciences hacking into the security system of
the District-issued iPad and accessing various and sundry websites on
the Internet at will. The schools are among the first to distribute the
iPads as part of a yearlong project to put them in the hands of every
student in the District. This breach has caused additional concern for
what is already a controversial project that uses $1 billion in
construction funds to buy the devices and the required hard- and
software. Ron Chandler, Chief Information Officer, said that the
District was immediately
alerted that students were accessing unauthorized sites and the iPads
were locked down.
Thirty million dollars has been expended in this first phase of the
rollout of what seems to be an initiative that has been implemented
without sufficient thought and preparation. While reasonable people
agree that students need access to technology as a tool, opinions vary
greatly whether the second largest district in the nation should spend
construction money on iPads for every student when so many schools
sorely need improvement of their infrastructure, in addition to
facilities maintenance, safety and basic repairs.
Yet, in what are still difficult economic times for many, parents are
being required to accept responsibility for an approximately $700
instructional item without their input. As parent Sara Roos said in her
blog, “I do not WANT to be responsible for this much money. If I felt
comfortable letting my child be responsible for that much money, I might
perhaps have bought her one of these machines already.” But inasmuch as
the iPads replace the traditional textbook and are, therefore,
mandatory instructional materials, parents really have no choice. In
fact, according to the Los Angeles Times (September 26, 2013), Gerardo
Loera, Executive Director of Curriculum and Instruction, said that
parents cannot opt out.
The form that parents must sign just for the students to use the iPad is
probably mind-boggling for many. They and the student must agree to a
variety of guidelines and restrictions—and this form only addresses
in-school use. While we understand that there is a separate form if
students are allowed to take them home, it was not part of the public
documents shared at the Board meeting on September 17. And to make
matters worse, different schools have used different forms. These
inconsistencies are troubling.
Mr. Chandler reportedly told the LAUSD Technology Committee that there
would be no cost to students if something happened to the tablet because
the District has the capability to “kill” a tablet, making it useless
to thieves. Even Board Member Monica Ratliff said that she had been told
that students were not being held responsible for the device. But, how
can that be, when parents must sign a form accepting financial
responsibility? Another issue which no one seems to have really
addressed is that of the potential physical danger to students as they
carry these devices back and forth to school. But that’s a topic for
another article.
According to Mr. Chandler, when Dr. Deasy’s temporary moratorium is
lifted, it is going to be up to individual principals whether the
devices are allowed to leave the campus.
As has frequently happened in the past, when the District is not sure
how to proceed, leadership delegates the tough decision to the local
school site
However AALA believes that with an investment of this magnitude, there should be one standard District policy
Individual site administrators should not have the burden of making that decision
Further, we are concerned about the equity issue that Dr. Deasy has spoken about.
Is it fair for students at some schools to get to take the iPads home
when others cannot? What about access to the Internet at home?
That certainly is a concern for many families.
As more and more questions arise about the use of the iPads, prudent
minds may want to delay their distribution until, at least, the security
issues can be worked out, a more coherent use policy is developed and
District leadership is on the same page with their expectations.
LA UNIFIED BUDGET WARS RETURN WITH THE USUAL COMPETING VISIONS
by Hillel Aron, LA School Report | http://bit.ly/1bTdqWu
Posted on September 27, 2013 :: Competing visions for future spending
will be on grand display again Tuesday when the LA Unified Board of
Education meets to put Superintendent John Deasy’s budget plan to a vote
(or not) and consider a competing resolution (or not) that would tell
him how to spend the money.
Confusing? Welcome to Budgeting 101, LAUSD style.
Deasy’s presentation prioritizes addressing the debt, giving new money
to campuses with high concentrations of low-income and English language
learning students and raising the salaries of all LAUSD employees. It’s
largely an update of the version he proposed back in June.
But the board voted 5-2 to send him back to the drawing board to put
re-hiring teachers and staff – an idea backed by the teachers union – at
the top of the list, along with a laundry list of its own wants and
needs. Deasy effectively said, well, OK, but it’ll cost you something in
the $1.2 billion to $1.4 billion range. And that includes expunging a
$341 million deficit.
The board has twice postponed voting on his proposal, and it’s entirely
possible it will be postponed again, inasmuch as Deasy has scheduled
five public hearings in October, and a sixth with union members, to get
feedback on his proposal.
Then there’s board member Steve Zimmer’s proposal (No. 14 on your agenda
scorecard), that essentially ignores Deasy’s approach and recommends
that the superintendent fund things closer to the way the board asked
him to back in June.
Zimmer would have the superintendent be “guided” by various
“principles,” such as “[b]ringing LAUSD in line with national averages
for class size, counselor ratios, administrator ratios, and clerical and
classified ratios.” It would return all employees that have been placed
on temporary status to permanent status (primarily substitute
teachers).
It’s doubtful the board will take action on either plan, given the intensity of the debate.
A Problem for President Vladovic?
And here’s another mystery: What will the board do in the aftermath of
the investigation into harassment allegations against Board President
Richard Vladovic?
Members were individually briefed this week on what investigators
concluded. So far, the nothing has not been released to the public, and —
shockingly — there have been no leaks.
If the result was bad for Vladovic, the board could choose to censure
him or even remove him as president, the type of thing would most likely
be done in closed session – and the Board doesn’t have one of those
scheduled until October 15.
Or, there’s an outside chance a Board member, or even Vladovic himself, could bring the matter up.
But with this board, well, you never know.
FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS, SEGREGATION THE, SEGREGATION SINCE: Education and the Unfinished March
By Richard Rothstein | The Economic Policy Institute
Press Release | http://bit.ly/16AGPDL
News from EPI: EDUCATION GOALS OF THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON NOT YET MET -
PROPOSALS THAT IGNORE SEGREGATION AND INEQUALITY ARE DOOMED TO FAIL
August 27, 2013
The goal of racially integrated schools of the March on Washington for
Jobs and Freedom has yet to be met. As a result, national efforts to
raise the achievement of the most disadvantaged African American
students have been impeded. In For Public Schools, Segregation Then,
Segregation Since: Education and the Unfinished March, EPI Research
Associate Richard Rothstein observes that the isolation of socially and
economically disadvantaged African American students is increasing. Yet
policymakers, Rothstein said, “have abandoned integration as a goal
despite abundant evidence that it continues to be essential for closing
the gap between white and black student achievement.”
As of 2010, African American students typically attend schools that are
only 29 percent white, a decline from 1970 when African American
students typically attended schools that were 32 percent white. As more
lower-middle-class and middle-class African Americans move to suburbs,
low-income African Americans are more likely to attend heavily African
American and low-income schools, with damaging consequences for their
lifelong opportunities. On average, African American students in
segregated cities perform below nearly two-thirds of African American
students nationwide and below nearly all white students nationwide.
Despite continued school segregation, African American student
achievement has been rising steadily over the last 40 years, according
to data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress. The
achievement gap persists because the same social and instructional
forces that have caused black student achievement to rise have
apparently also caused white student achievement to rise.
The striking and steady improvement in disadvantaged students’
performance is inconsistent with the conventional claims of reformers
that teachers of such students are poorly trained, have low
expectations, and fail to exert their best efforts. However, Rothstein
argues, African American children will never achieve educational
equality unless we remedy their economic inequality and segregation.
Attempting to substantially improve achievement, without economic
equality and integration, is an impossible task.
“Organizers of the March on Washington were correct to stress how
critical integration was to education improvement,” said Rothstein. “It
is tragic that education reformers fail to see the disastrous impact
school isolation is having on African American students, while they
persist in futile denunciations of failing schools.”
______________________________________
RICHARD ROTHSTEIN – PUBLIC SCHOOLS ARE STILL SEGREGATED
Interview on The Tavis Smiley Show | http://bit.ly/1fSmXNw
A study published by the Economic Policy Institute in Washington, DC
indicates that public schools in the United States are more segregated
for African Americans today than they were 40 years ago. Richard
Rothstein, a senior fellow at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the
author of the report, explains how education policy undermined
integration efforts.
HEAR THE INTERVIEW: http://bit.ly/1fSmXNw
HIGHLIGHTS, LOWLIGHTS & THE NEWS THAT DOESN'T
FIT: The Rest (but not necessarily the best) of the Stories from Other
Sources
“We’ll have to get back to you on that.”: QUESTIONS
ASKED AND NOT ANSWERED AT THE CURRICULUM & INSTRUCTION + COMMON CORE
TECH COMMITTEES ... http://bit.ly/167tRuI
SAT SCORES STAGNANT, MANY UNPREPARED FOR COLLEGE, OFFICIALS SAY: A College Board report finds that scores rema... http://bit.ly/18BVr1F
►@EDactivistNH: remember who runs @CollegeBoard & his ideological biases @4LAKids
TOP CHEF MASTERS SEASON 5 EPISODE 9: The chefs honor teachers from LAUSD with meals prepared especially for them. | http://bit.ly/15CYWrN
COMMON CORE CORRUPTION: Pearson Publishing Investigated for Payoffs http://bit.ly/1aCc3rd
NYT: Arne Duncan and the Business Roundtable write their own ®EPORT CARD ON EDUCATION ®EFORM | http://nyti.ms/166dvCB
FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS, SEGREGATION THE, SEGREGATION SINCE: Education and the Unfinished March: By Richard Rothste... http://bit.ly/1bScVfj
UTLA President’s Perspective: VAM/AGT – STILL A MEANINGLESS, DANGEROUS NUMBER: "It doesn’t matter whether the ... http://bit.ly/18AnWia
STUDENT HACKERS LEAD L.A. SCHOOLS TO HALT MAJOR iPAD INITIATIVE: By Valerie Strauss, Washington Post/Answer Sh... http://bit.ly/16Uks6m
Steve Lopez: GoodbiPad? - NEW PROBLEMS SURFACE IN L.A.UNIFIED’s iPAD PROGRAM: Hacking by students and missing ... http://bit.ly/16U1T2b
iPad fallout continues: FROM THE HUFF POST + MORE MAIL TO THE LA TIMES: LA Students Outfox Apple, Pearson and ... http://bit.ly/18cZHpf
RIALTO UNIFIED SUPERINTENDENT NEITHER CONFIRMS NOR DENIES A PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH "BRA STUFFING" ACCOUNTANT — http://bit.ly/18uKAYY
RIALTO USD ACCOUNTANT ACCUSED OF STUFFING HER BRA AND MAKING OFF WITH $2M IN SCHOOL LUNCH MONEY | http://cbsloc.al/198ixuG
BROWN VETOES SB 344 (Padilla) TO ADD MORE ACCOUNTABILITY TO LOCAL CONTROL FUNDING FORMULA: By Kimberly Beltran... http://bit.ly/15ZemEZ
Photo: ¿AN EMPTY BAG?: http://bit.ly/16P34jx
NEW SURVEY SHOWS THOSE WITH HIGHER EDUCATION WERE MORE LIKELY TO RECEIVE ARTS EDUCATION IN K-12 : Mary Plummer | | Pass ... http://bit.ly/188NFx9
Editorial+Letters: L.A. UNIFIED’S iPAD PLAN DOESN’T COMPUTE: L.A. TIMES EDITORIAL: The district's failure to r... http://bit.ly/177GNRe
L,A. UNIFIED REPORTS 71 iPADS ARE MISSING: The lost iPads [71 of 1,200 = a loss rate of 17%] are from a trial... http://bit.ly/18v3L2Z
HOW DID LA STUDENTS BYPASS iPAD SECURITY? Board members ask tough questions + smf’s 2¢: Annie Gilbertson | Pas... http://bit.ly/1fJtl9V
WHO PAYS IF L.A. UNIFIED STUDENTS LOSE OR BREAK iPADS?: L.A. Unified board grapples with the question of wheth... http://bit.ly/1h5MlNy
LAUSD REVIEWING iPAD POLICIES AFTER STUDENT SECURITY BREACH: Boardmember Ratliff concerned that the school boa... http://bit.ly/19Jt54m
2 PICTURES WORTH 2000 WORDS: from Hemlock on the rocks |http://bit.ly/1840FEi http://bit.ly/14JgxMa
PARENTAL ADVISORY/CONTAINS EXPLICIT IMAGES: An actual screen capture of an actual Facebook Page from an actual LAUSD iPAD... http://bit.ly/1h2JbtZ
¿iPADS HACKED? ‘Surprised it Took This Long,’ Says Zimmer http://bit.ly/15u9jJ7
FEDS COME UP WITH WORKAROUND FOR “DOUBLE TESTING” … but No Help for California!: By Catherine Gewertz, EDUCATI... http://bit.ly/1fEOuSm
NO MORE FUN-FUN-FUN AS DADDY DEASY TAKES THE iPADS AWAY! + comments from the peanut gallery: L.A. School Dis... http://bit.ly/14IxVR2
‘PRIORITY SCHOOLS’ PLAN IS THE LATEST TO REMAKE FAILING L.A. UNIFIED SCHOOLS: Annie Gilbertson | Pass /Fail http://bit.ly/19Djw78
LAUSD COMPLETES HARASSMENT PROBE OF RICHARD VLADOVIC, RESULTS TO REMAIN SECRET: By Barbara Jones, Los Angeles ... http://bit.ly/1gZ5P6A
STUDENTS HACK NEW LAUSD iPADS, VISIT YOU TUBE & (OMG!) FACEBOOK: Roosevelt students get access to unauthorized... http://bit.ly/19DdjZ1
WILL LAUSD’s iPAD UPGRADE WORK?: By Sam Gliksman, Los Angeles Jewish Journal |
http://bit.ly/18Y4acs
EVENTS: Coming up next week...
*Dates and times subject to change. ________________________________________
• SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION BOND OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE:
http://www.laschools.org/bond/
Phone: 213-241-5183
____________________________________________________
• LAUSD FACILITIES COMMUNITY OUTREACH CALENDAR:
http://www.laschools.org/happenings/
Phone: 213-241.8700
What can YOU do?
• E-mail, call or write your school board member:
Tamar.Galatzan@lausd.net • 213-241-6386
Monica.Garcia@lausd.net • 213-241-6180
Bennett.Kayser@lausd.net • 213-241-5555
Marguerite.LaMotte@lausd.net • 213-241-6382
Monica.Ratliff@lausd.net • 213-241-6388
Richard.Vladovic@lausd.net • 213-241-6385
Steve.Zimmer@lausd.net • 213-241-6387
...or your city councilperson, mayor, the governor, member of congress,
senator - or the president. Tell them what you really think! • Find
your state legislator based on your home address. Just go to: http://bit.ly/dqFdq2 • There are 26 mayors and five county supervisors representing jurisdictions within LAUSD, the mayor of LA can be reached at mayor@lacity.org • 213.978.0600
• Call or e-mail Governor Brown: 213-897-0322 e-mail: http://www.govmail.ca.gov/
• Open the dialogue. Write a letter to the editor. Circulate these
thoughts. Talk to the principal and teachers at your local school.
• Speak with your friends, neighbors and coworkers. Stay on top of education issues. Don't take my word for it!
• Get involved at your neighborhood school. Join your PTA. Serve on a School Site Council. Be there for a child.
• If you are eligible to become a citizen, BECOME ONE.
• If you a a citizen, REGISTER TO VOTE.
• If you are registered, VOTE LIKE THE FUTURE DEPENDS ON IT. THEY DO!.
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